Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English: The Penn Treebank
Marcus et al., 1993, Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English (Computational Linguistics)
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4.2 The syntactic tagset
- Give some Penn Treebank phrase labels.
S simple declarative clause SBAR clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction or 0 SBARQ direct wh-question SINV declarative with subject–aux inversion NP, VP, PP, ADJP, ADVP noun, verb, prepositional, adjective, adverb phrase X constituent of unknown or uncertain category - Marcus et al., 1993, Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English (Computational Linguistics), §4.2
- What null elements does the Penn Treebank include, and why keep them?E.g. * (“understood” subject of infinitives or imperatives), 0 (zero that), T (trace of a moved wh-constituent). Fidditch supplies them cheaply, and they help recover predicate–argument structure (e.g. verb transitivity) from a flat context-free notation.
- Marcus et al., 1993, Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English (Computational Linguistics), §4.2
- How can fine distinctions be recovered from skeletal bracketing?By searching combinations of structures: an SBAR with to right before the VP is infinitival; one with a tensed verb or auxiliary is tensed; that-clauses are SBARs starting with that or 0.
- Marcus et al., 1993, Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English (Computational Linguistics), §4.2
Source
- Mitchell P. Marcus, Beatrice Santorini and Mary Ann Marcinkiewicz. 1993. Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English: The Penn Treebank. In Computational Linguistics, pp. 313–330. https://aclanthology.org/J93-2004/