Qwen3 Technical Report

Team, 2025, Qwen3 Technical Report (arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.09388)

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4.4 General RL

  1. What rewards did Qwen3’s general RL stage use?
    Over 20 tasks (instruction following, format and mode-flag following, preference alignment, tool use in real multi-turn environments, RAG and more), scored by rule-based rewards, by Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct judging against a reference answer, or by a reward model trained on human preferences when no reference exists.

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