Qwen3 Technical Report

Team, 2025, Qwen3 Technical Report (arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.09388)

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4.5 Strong-to-Weak Distillation

  1. How were the small Qwen3 models trained?
    Off-policy distillation first, fine-tuning on teacher outputs in both modes; then on-policy distillation, where the student generates responses and is trained to match the teacher’s (Qwen3-32B or 235B-A22B) logits by minimizing KL divergence. Compared with RL from the same checkpoint, this scored better at about 1/10 of the GPU hours and also raised pass@64, which RL did not.

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