A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications in Speech Recognition
Rabiner, 1989, A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications in Speech Recognition (Proceedings of the IEEE)
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VIII Limitations of HMMs
- What are the main limitations of HMMs for speech, according to Rabiner?Successive observations (frames) are assumed independent given the states; observation distributions are assumed to be mixtures of Gaussian or autoregressive densities; and the first-order Markov assumption ignores dependencies spanning several states. Despite this they work extremely well.
- Rabiner, 1989, A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications in Speech Recognition (Proceedings of the IEEE), VIII Limitations of HMMs
Source
- Lawrence R. Rabiner. 1989. A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications in Speech Recognition. In Proceedings of the IEEE, pp. 257–286. doi:10.1109/5.18626