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Phonetics and Speech Feature Extraction

Jurafsky & Martin, Speech and Language Processing, 3rd ed. draft, ch. 15

8 cards in “Historical notes” · whole deck

Historical notes

  1. Who first developed the major insights of articulatory phonetics, and when?
    Linguists of India, 800–150 B.C.: place and manner of articulation, the glottal mechanism of voicing, and assimilation. Europe caught up only in the late 19th century.
  2. What phonetic knowledge did the ancient Greeks have?
    By Plato's Theaetetus and Cratylus, they distinguished vowels from consonants and stops from continuants. The Stoics developed the syllable and knew of phonotactic constraints.
  3. What did the 12th-century Icelandic scholar contribute?
    Used the concept of the phoneme and proposed a phonemic writing system for Icelandic with diacritics for length and nasality (unpublished until 1818).
  4. Who is said to begin the modern era of phonetics, and what did he do?
    Henry Sweet, Handbook of Phonetics (1877): essentially proposed the phoneme, devised a transcription alphabet, distinguished broad vs narrow transcription, and made the first scientific recordings for phonetics.
  5. Which stage character was modeled on Sweet?
    Henry Higgins (George Bernard Shaw).
  6. Who first named the phoneme?
    Polish scholar Baudouin de Courtenay (1894).
  7. Match classic acoustic phonetics advances: sound spectrograph; source-filter theory; F1×F2 vowel space; stress cues.
    Spectrograph: Koenig et al. 1946. Source-filter: Fant 1960 (and Stevens et al.). F1×F2 space: Peterson & Barney 1952. Duration/intensity as stress cues: Fry 1955.
  8. Who developed the FFT, cepstral processing for speech, and LPC?
    FFT: Cooley & Tukey 1965. Cepstral processing: Oppenheim et al. 1968. LPC for speech coding: Atal & Hanauer 1971.

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